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Foreword
Definition of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan
The definition of small and medium enterprises in other Asian countries
An analysis of the environment in Taiwan:
  ¡» Ratio of small and medium enterprises
  ¡» Growth trends
  ¡» Distribution of industries
  ¡» No. of years in operation
The future of small and medium enterprises
The difficulties faced by small and medium enterprises
Brand revives life for enterprises
The functions of a brand
Recreate product value with design aesthetics
The design aesthetic effect
The economics of design aesthetics
Design aesthetics: a force of the future
Introduction
Ian Town
 
Foreword

The growth of an enterprise can be said to be a process characterized by gradual progress and accumulation of experience and knowledge. For a long period of time in the past, the small and medium enterprises of Taiwan have exhibited such vitality and entrepreneurship that they have been the central force that drove the development of the country¡¦s trade. The small and medium enterprises of Taiwan have since then become world famous for their great versatility, perseverance and adventurous spirit.

Results of various researches show that small and medium enterprises in Taiwan are experiencing greater difficulty in reaching the goal of breaking the NTD1 billion revenue point in recent years due to fierce international competition from rapid globalization. On the other hand, large corporations have continued breaking records in terms of their revenue, and the gap between large corporations and small and medium enterprises has become larger very quickly. Evidently, the business environment for the operations of small and medium enterprises has become more difficult and perilous. The major problems faced by Taiwanese enterprises in all these years of operation such as low profit margins and lack of original brands not only remain unsolved, they have even turned into barriers that prohibit further growth for these enterprises. The most basic solution to these problems is to work towards increasing added value of products, promote R&D for designs and engage in brand marketing. In addition, the creative energies devoted to the existing production processes should be directed to product innovation and channel innovation in order to achieve innovative business models. These enterprises need to elevate themselves from being manufacturers and become manufacturer and service providers to create irreplaceable quality values.

 
Definition of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan
Just as the name implies, ¡§small and medium enterprises¡¨ refers to businesses that are smaller in scale. However, size is a relative concept; and the representation of scale will yield different results due to different standards one may choose to adopt.
There are two standards of definition for small and medium businesses in Taiwan, and they are differentiated by the number of employees or by turnover/capital:


 
No more than 200 employees for manufacturers, construction companies and rock quarries; no more than 50 employees for other industries
 
 
Manufacturers, construction companies, mining companies and rock quarries with actual capital below $80 million NT; other industries with a turnover of less than $100 million NT in the previous fiscal year
 
Generally speaking, most of the information available in Taiwan indicates that small and medium enterprises in Taiwan are defined by the turnover/capital standard.
 
The definition of small and medium enterprises
in other Asian countries
 
Below 300 employees for standard industries; below 200 for agricultural industry and broadcasting industry. No more than 100 employees for other industries that do not fall into these two categories.
 
 
Below 300 employees for standard industries; below 100 employees for wholesalers and service industries. No more than 50 employees for retailers.
 
 
Industries are divided into two major categories of manufacturing and non-manufacturing. For the manufacturing industries, businesses with less than 100 employees will be considered to be small and medium enterprises; for the non-manufacturing industries, no more than 50 employees.
 
 
Below 200 employees for manufacturing industries and service industries; no more than 50 employees for wholesalers and no more than 30 employees for retailers.
 
An analysis of the environment in Taiwan:
¡» Ratio of small and medium enterprises
Even though most of the limelight is focused on the glittering high-tech businesses or financial holding companies, the bulk of Taiwan¡¦s economy is still undoubtedly comprised of small and medium enterprises. These small and medium enterprises not only created up to 70% of the employment opportunities in Taiwan, they also made up 97% of all the businesses in the country.
 
 
In comparison to 2004, businesses in Taiwan have shown positive growth in terms of total number, employment opportunities, actual employment and sales performance in 2005.
 
¡» Growth trends
In 2005, the total number of enterprises in Taiwan was 1,254,000; an increase of 49,000 compared to 2004. The number of small and medium enterprises grew from 1,177,000 to 1,226,000.
 
 
¡» Distribution of industries
Out of all the small and medium enterprises of Taiwan in 2005, the top three industries are wholesale and retail industries (53.14%), manufacturing industry (10.94%) and hospitality industry (8.33%).
 
 
¡» No. of years in operation
From the no. of years of operation perspective, in 2005, businesses between 10-20 years of operation took the No. 1 spot at a percentage of 23.82; followed by between 5~10 years (19.89%) and more than 20 years (8.34%).
Observing from the standpoint of business scale, roughly 4/5 (79.8%) of the big enterprises have been operational for more than 5 years; nearly 3/5 (57.18%) of them have been established for more than 10 years. 61.66% of small and medium enterprises have been operational for more than 5 years; 41.83% have stayed operational for more than 10 years. However, more than 1/10 (10.22%) of them do not make it past the first year.
 
 
The future of small and medium enterprises

From the data, one can see that the vitality of small and medium enterprises is the fundamental driving force of our society¡¦s economy. This is particularly true in Taiwan, as the ratio of small and medium enterprises exceeds 97% of all businesses in the country. Out of these small and medium enterprises, 61.66% have been operational for more than 5 years; 41.83% of these businesses have run for more than 10 years. While the number may appear to be impressive, if we look at it from the opposite perspective, this means that nearly 40% of these businesses could not last more than 5 years in operation, and almost 60% of them could not run for more than 10 years. This proves that the issue of sustained management is still a major concern for small and medium enterprises.
In light of the days to come, small and medium enterprises have no choice but to be creative and devote resources to R&D of designs in order to meet market demands. In addition, they must recognize the importance of having their original brand. The dawn of the branded era has come, and these businesses must start by creating their own brands and proceed to strengthen their brands.

 
The difficulties faced by small and medium enterprises

According to data from the Intellectual Property Office, from the statistics gathered between January and August of this year, the total number of applications for trademarks (including new applications, licensing and modifications) is 77,440, and 44,668 of these applications were new applications. This figure would translate to approximately 5,600 new trademarks entering the market every month on average. If we were to calculate it by day, it would mean that 184 brands have applied for trademarks on a daily basis. This goes to show the concept of branding is becoming more prevalent among businesses and new brands are beginning to show vitality. However, most businesses still face the problem of lack of know-how and capital, and old brands are losing their momentum gradually. Many businesses no longer invest in brands that have matured, and this is essentially snuffing out the lives of brands. As of now, many businesses are facing the test of re-activating the life cycle of their brands.

Taiwanese entrepreneurs are famous for their keen entrepreneurial spirit. However, they seem to have overlooked the area of creative industries and have yet to make significant investments in this area. Even though aesthetic culture is a very personalized and segmented market unlike the economies of scale pursued in industrial economics, it will help to strengthen the cultural content of various fields of management and enhance the competitiveness of businesses if the spirit of innovation and professional management skills of finance and marketing of an entrepreneur are combined with the aesthetic capacity of an artist. Taiwan¡¦s economy thrived due to OEMs, and these OEMs are tremendously advantageous to brand development since businesses are able to create their own products. But despite having traveled on the path of branding, most small and medium businesses are still more concerned and more skilled in manufacturing products and place much less importance on the level of product design. So even though consumers are tempted to buy their products, since these products lack their own definition and features, they usually fail to become a consumers¡¦ final choice. These products lose competitiveness in the final moments of a consumer¡¦s purchasing decision because they don¡¦t have a brand of their own. So what can we do to turn the tables so that consumers will fix their eyes on our products the very moment they see them? How can we win the competition from the beginning?

 
Brand revives life for enterprises

Martin Lindstrom, the renowned global expert in branding, in his book: Brand Sense uses the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch to understand a brand; companies can even use these perceptions to draw out the desires to purchase a product hidden deep in the sub-conscious of consumers. If we re-interpret things from a sensory perspective, then every market still has room for improvement. Every brand has its own sensory visage, and it can still be re-sculptured. Original brands must locate the key that will activate the senses of the consumers to get the chance to tell consumers who they are in order to change their opinion of them.

 
The functions of a brand

 
Recreate product value with design aesthetics

 

There is no doubt that the functionality of a product is important. But because of fierce competition in the market, products produced by different manufacturers now hardly have distinguishable features since their price and quality are almost identical. Engaging in price wars and quality wars is simply futile. As of now, the aesthetic sense of a product design and its brand image has become the only way for products to stand out, and the aesthetic of a product has become a source of leverage. Just as the head of the global aesthetic planning department of GE Plastics states, ¡§aesthetics is now equivalent to style, and it has become the generally acknowledged unique selling point for products.¡¨ In the past, businesses were focused on the innovation of functionality, but now, functionality is no longer the only thing that matters; it is all about ¡§sensory aesthetics¡¨. For consumers, a ¡§good product¡¨ is no longer just an object that is convenient to use; it must also be able to help their users to build a unique personal image in order to be truly attractive.

 
The design aesthetic effect

Mr. Kenya Hara (Japanese graphic design master and a member of the MUJI advisory committee), stated in his book Design of Design that the economic competition of the present world will turn from production technologies to become cultural elements that will remain hidden in the dealers¡¦ market. For every culture or market, if one is able to produce a product that is capable of stirring up other markets, he would gain absolute competitive leverage. Mr. Kenya Hara provided an example: when a product with good design aesthetics is introduced to countries that are inferior in the knowledge of aesthetics, the general population of these countries would be inspired and awakened to the concept of aesthetics due to the product. They will be more than willing to embrace this foreign product and their desire for the product will be stirred. In comparison with products without aesthetic sense, the aesthetic products will have the power to inspire consumers and to expel other products. Aesthetics not only apply to lifestyle; the philosophy of life manifested through design is where the dominating power of design truly lies.

 
The economics of design aesthetics

 
Design aesthetics: a force of the future

The reason why appealing to the consumer¡¦s sensory pleasure is advantageous is because aesthetics are inherently valuable in themselves. It is what inspired Macintosh to turn their iMac from being a boring personal computer into semi-transparent eye candy with elegant lines. Aesthetics turn cold and hard technological innovations into dazzling products that scream style. Even those who are too busy to pay attention to fashions and trends are able to see that home appliances, digital products and commodities have become colorful objects in a variety of designs that are pleasing to the eye. Ernest Elmo Calkins, the famous advertising guru, has claimed that manufacturers should no longer be satisfied with making ugly products with good functionality, because ¡§consumers want products with beauty in practicality and beauty that would make one gasp in admiration; everything that they use in their daily lives has to be beautiful.¡¨ From this, it is evident that aesthetics have become the critical factor that will guarantee good sales for products

 
Ian Town

  Born in 1964 in Taipei, Mr. Ian Town received his bachelor¡¦s degree from the Department of Fine Arts, Chinese Culture University. He completed his postgraduate study with the Graduate Institute of Design, National Taiwan Normal University. In year 1990, Mr. Town founded Pace Design, a design & consultancy company. In 2000, he established heyshow.com the portal for Taiwanese designers. Mr. Town acted as the chief editor of the book ¡§Brand Image¡¨ in year 2004

Mr. Town is currently the responsible person of Pace Design, the chairman of the Chinese Corporate Image Development Association, the founder of
heyshow.com, and a lecturer in the Department of Advertising, Chinese Culture University. He has also acted as a member of the judging panel for various design and fine arts contests. His most representative works in the commercial field include the image planning for Taipei 101, Chinese Petroleum Corp., and A-So Shoes; as well as the advertising design for Microsoft Taiwan, Autodesk Taiwan and NVidia. In 2002, a special report on Mr. Town was made by Adobe, the second largest software company in the world.
 
 
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